Centos7+Nginx+uWsgi+Virtualenv（python3）+Django项目上线部署总结

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1.准备工作

1）安装操作系统：Centos7.3

2）关闭防火墙


[root@ITCMDB ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

3）在开发环境上收集项目所有包


(mycmdbtest) C:\Users\surface>pip freeze > plist.txt
diff-match-patch==20121119
Django==2.0.1
django-crispy-forms==1.7.2
django-formtools==2.1
django-import-export==1.0.1
et-xmlfile==1.0.1
future==0.16.0
httplib2==0.11.3
jdcal==1.4
mysqlclient==1.3.13
odfpy==1.3.6
openpyxl==2.5.4
pytz==2018.5
PyYAML==3.13
six==1.11.0
tablib==0.12.1
unicodecsv==0.14.1
xlrd==1.1.0
xlwt==1.3.0

2.安装nginx

1）编辑repo文件


[root@ITCMDB ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

2）查看


[root@ITCMDB ~]# yum list | grep nginx

3）安装nginx并检查版本


[root@ITCMDB ~]# yum install nginx

[root@ITCMDB ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0
[root@ITCMDB ~]#

3.安装python3.6.5

1）准备工作

安装python3.6可能使用相关软件


[root@ITCMDB /]# yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'

[root@ITCMDB /]# yum install -y ncurses-libs zlib-devel mysql-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

下载python3.6.5,并存放在/usr/local目录下


[root@ITCMDB /]# cd /usr/local

[root@ITCMDB local]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz

解压下载的压缩包


[root@ITCMDB local]# tar -xzvf Python-3.6.5.tgz -C /temp
[root@ITCMDB local]# cd /temp/Python-3.6.5/

2）安装


[root@ITCMDB Python-3.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
[root@ITCMDB Python-3.6.5]# make
[root@ITCMDB Python-3.6.5]# make altinstall

3)修改软链接


[root@ITCMDB bin]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python

[root@ITCMDB bin]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip

[root@ITCMDB python3]#

修改之前一定要对以存在的/usr/bin/python更名，否则出现错误

4.安装mysql数据库

1）检查系统是否存在


[root@ITCMDB ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql

2）安装MySQL源


[root@ITCMDB ~]# yum localinstall http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

3）安装MySQL


yum install mysql-community-server

******************
已安装:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7    mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7 
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7 

作为依赖被安装:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7     mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.22-1.el7    

替代:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7                                                               

完毕！
[root@ITCMDB ~]#

4）启动MySQL


[root@ITCMDB ~]# systemctl start mysqld

5）获取密码


[root@ITCMDB ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-07-26T03:27:04.577803Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rGauXA8te:>p
[root@ITCMDB ~]#

这里密码为： rGauXA8te:>p

6).进入MySQL


root@ITCMDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.22

7）修改密码


mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'KZbd123469#';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

8）退出


mysql> exit
Bye
[root@ITCMDB ~]#

9）重启mysql


[root@ITCMDB ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

10)开放远程连接


mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "KZbd123460#";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

11)开放3306端口或关闭防火墙


[root@ITCMDB ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
[root@ITCMDB ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@ITCMDB ~]#

12）远程连接测试

用navicat进行连接

5.安装django2.0.1


[root@ITCMDB local]# pip install django==2.0.1

6.安装uwsgi


[root@ITCMDB local]# pip install uwsgi
测试uwsgi
uwsgi --http :9000 --module kzbd_cmdb.wsgi

7.安装virtualenvwrapper虚拟环境


[root@ITCMDB local]# pip install uwsgi
[root@ITCMDB /]# yum install python-setuptools python-devel

[root@ITCMDB /]# pip install virtualenvwrapper

接下来编辑.bashrc文件，这是重点


[root@ITCMDB ~]# vi ~/.bashrc

添加下面两行


export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

保存后，重载./bashrc文件


[root@ITCMDB bin]# source ~/.bashrc
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/initialize
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/premkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postmkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/prermvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postrmvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/get_env_details
[root@ITCMDB bin]#

8.创建虚拟环境


[root@ITCMDB bin]# mkvirtualenv kzitcmdb
Using base prefix '/usr/local'
New python executable in /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/python3.6
Also creating executable in /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb/bin/get_env_details
(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB bin]#

创建完成后直接进入虚拟环境，也可以通过workon进入。

9.安装pip包

将准备的plist.txt上传到服务器然后执行下面命令

[root@ITCMDB /]# workon kzitcmdb(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB /]# pip install -r plist.txt

10.将项目文件上传到服务器规划的目录

/home/wwwroot

同时，将数据库上传到服务器本例中，用navicat进行数据库的复制。此时，可以通过python内置的服务器进行测试


[root@ITCMDB /]# workon kzitcmdb
(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB wwwroot]# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9999

启动成功后，在浏览器进行测试。

11.配置nginx作为反向代理服务器

在这个目录下新建一个或复制default.conf为itcmdb.conf


[root@ITCMDB conf.d]# pwd
/etc/nginx/conf.d

编辑itcmdb.conf


upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:8000; # uwsgi的端口
}
# configuration of the server

error_log  /home/wwwroot/nginxerror.log;#错误日志
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen      80;
# 端口
server_name 192.168.150.20 ; # 服务器ip或者域名
charset     utf-8;

# max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste


# Django media
location /media  {
    alias  /home/wwwroot/media;  # 指向django的media目录
}

# Django static
location /static  {
    alias  /home/wwwroot/extra_apps/xadmin/static;  # 指向django的static目录
}

# Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
    uwsgi_pass  django;
    include     uwsgi_params; # uwsgi服务
}
}

12.拉取所有需要的static file到同一目录

在django的setting文件中，添加下面一行内容：


STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
    ]

并运行命令：


(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB wwwroot]# python manage.py collectstatic

完成后，重启nginx

13.编辑uwsgi文件

这里uwsgi文件放在项目目录下 /home/wwwroot/conf/uwsgi 新建一个uwsgi.ini文件


ite_uwsgi.ini file`
    [uwsgi]

    # Django-related settings
    # the base directory (full path)
    chdir           = /home/wwwroot
    # Django's wsgi file
    module          = kzbd_cmdb.wsgi
    # the virtualenv (full path)

    # process-related settings
    # master
    master          = true
    # maximum number of worker processes
    processes       = 4
    threads         = 2
    # the socket (use the full path to be safe
    socket          = 127.0.0.1:8000
    # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
    # chmod-socket    = 664
    # clear environment on exit
    vacuum          = true
  virtualenv = /root/.virtualenvs/kzitcmdb


    logto = /home/wwwroot/kzbd_cmdb/uwsgilog.log

14.启动uwsgi

进入虚拟环境


kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB uwsgi]# pwd
/home/wwwroot/conf/uwsgi
(kzitcmdb) [root@ITCMDB uwsgi]# uwsgi -i /home/wwwroot/conf/uwsgi/uwsgi.ini &

15.项目上线测试

在浏览器输入


http://192.168.150.20

进行测试，效果如下：

16.遇到的问题

1）安装virtualwrapper后新建虚拟环境出错的问题； 2）Centos7.3自带的python2.7.5升级到python3.6.5时软连建立的问题； 3）xadmin后台管理系统样式丢失的问题；这些坑在后续总结。


[root@ITCMDB ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@ITCMDB ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@ITCMDB ~]# systemctl stop firewalld